Van transport Belgrade – Ljubljana

About Ljubljana

Ljubljana (Slovenian: Ljubljana, German: Laibach) is the capital of Slovenia. With its 270,000 inhabitants (data from January 1, 2011), Ljubljana is one of the smallest capitals in Europe. The city is located in the central part of Slovenia, in the Ljubljana valley, between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea, on the river Ljubljanica approximately 10 km from the confluence with the Sava.

Ljubljana is the cultural, scientific, economic, political and administrative center of Slovenia. The city is divided into several neighborhoods, former municipalities, the largest of which are Šiška, Bežigrad, Vič, Moste-Polje and Centar. The symbol of the city is the Ljubljana dragon.

Ljubljana is located at 46.03 ° C, 14.30 ° E in the Ljubljana Valley, near the confluence of the Ljubljanica and Sava rivers at an average altitude of 288 m. The average temperature varies from 0 ° C in December and 21.9 ° C in July. The average annual rainfall is 1350 mm.

Ljubljansko polje and Barje are the eternal crossroads between the Alps, the Karst and Pannonia towards the Adriatic and the Sava valley into the interior of the Balkans, and west towards Italy. That is why the traces of man go back about five thousand years, they change in epochs to the Roman military and trade Emona (1-6th century AD), and further to the immigration of the Slavs.

The German name Laibach is mentioned in 1144, two years later the Slovenian Luvigan, and soon the present one. The city-fortress on the hill is mentioned in 1220; destroyed in 1511 in an earthquake, then rebuilt and in 1848 a lookout tower was added. In the possession of the counts of Goričko 13/14. century, and from 1335 the Habsburgs, under whose rule it remained until the end of the First World War. During those years, the city was the seat of the Duchy of Carniola. The Turks attacked it for the first time in 1415.

Since the middle of the 16th century, Ljubljana has been a strong center of the Reformation, whose central figure is Primož Trubar (1508—1586). The first two books in the Slovenian language were published in 1550; 1563 Latin school opened; the first printing house has been operating since 1575, run by Hans Mannel (German: Joannes Manlius).

The French first conquered it in 1797 (they remained until 1813). At that time, it was the center of the Illyrian provinces, and the Slovenian language was legalized in schools and administration. The Lajba Congress was held in Ljubljana in 1821, at which the great powers tried to solve their problems after the Napoleonic Wars.

Ljubljana carries the harmony of the whole in itself - old and new alternate, respecting mutual values, so it is devoid of chaos. It was badly damaged in the earthquake of 1895. Later, it was built according to the urban plan, and the city center was constantly enriched, but not narrowed, although it was several times larger in terms of population.

After the disintegration of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Ljubljana became the unofficial capital of Slovenia in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and from 1929 it became the seat of the Drava Banovina in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In April 1941, Ljubljana was occupied by the forces of fascist Italy, and on February 23, 1942, they completely surrounded the city with 32 km of barbed wire. In September 1943, Nazi Germany replaced Italy as an occupying power. The city was liberated in May 1945.

On May 7, 1970, Ljubljana was awarded the Order of the People's Hero and proclaimed a city-hero, for the courage shown by its inhabitants during the Second World War. After the war, the city became the capital of the Yugoslav Republic of Slovenia. After a short war in 1991, Ljubljana became the capital of independent Slovenia.

Green Capital 2016

Ljubljana was declared the green capital of the European Union in 2016. The quality of the environment has increased a lot, particle pollution has been declining for years. Air quality has increased with the closure of the traffic center (since 2014, Slovenska cesta has been closed in addition to the entire center). In 2015, the value of ozone and benzene was not exceeded by any of them. Cavalier electric vehicles drive around the center. The city's free bicycle network BicikeLj has been used 2.5 million times in 3.5 years. The average noise value decreased by 6 dB. Bulbs in city lighting have been replaced by energy-saving bulbs, city transport is equipped with a modern fleet (gas buses added). Forests cover 46% of the municipality. Ljubljana is the only city to have received the Mobility Week award twice. The water in Ljubljana is completely drinkable and is obtained in a natural way, without chemical technological treatment procedures.

The National Gallery of Slovenia and the Modern Gallery of Ljubljana are located in Ljubljana, where the works of the greatest Slovenian artists are exhibited. There is a large counterculture center in Metelkova Street, located in the former JNA complex. It shows films and lectures, as well as concerts, mostly of alternative music.

Ljubljana hosts the Ljubljana Summer Festival and the World Music Festival Druga godba. During the 1980s, Ljubljana was the center of the New Slovenian Art (Neue Slowenische Kunst) movement, which included the Lajbach group, with which sociologist Slavoj Žižek was associated.
Education
University of Ljubljana Building

In 1693, the Academia operosorum Labacensis was founded in Ljubljana. The society, which was closed down in 1801, was the forerunner of today's Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, which was founded in 1938.

The University of Ljubljana, the only university in the city, was founded in 1919. The city is also home to the Philharmonic Society (lat. Academia Philharmonicorum), one of the oldest philharmonics in Europe, founded in 1701.
Architecture

Ljubljana has a preserved old city center. Among the many old buildings are the Bishop's Palace (from 1512), Stična Castle (1629), the Cathedral of St. Nikolaj (1708), the parish church of Sv. Jacob (1615), the Franciscan Church (17th century), the Town Hall (1484), the Seminary (1785), the Auerspreg Palace (mid-17th century), Lontvoz (1786), the Opera (1892). Baroque buildings are especially beautiful.

Ljubljana is characterized by many buildings by architect Jože Plečnik.

The city's specialty is the Three Bridges on the river Ljubljanica (strict center). There is a monument to Prešeren in memory of the greatest Slovenian poet Franz Prešeren (1800-1849). On the other side of the river is the main city market (Slovenian: Glavna tržnica), and along the banks there are pleasant small cafes and restaurants, arranged in old houses. All together it has a pleasant atmosphere.
Parks and Gardens
Tivoli Castle

There are about 30 hectares of parks in Ljubljana, the largest part is occupied by Tivoli Park with 17.5 hectares, and the rest is occupied by 28 smaller parks, which are also arranged. After the Second World War, no new park was opened to the citizens of Ljubljana, which is very bad compared to other European capitals, e.g. London has 20 times more parks per capita. Things started to get better with the beginning of arranging the park in Bežigrad. The plan is also to arrange the entire bank of the Sava River, which is located in the Ljubljana municipality, and to arrange the Ljubljansko barje park, which will become a provincial park.

Parks

Argentinski park - Botanical garden - Zoo - Zvezda park (Kongresni trg) - Miklošičev park park - Ajdovščina - Toskanini's practice - sports park - Kodeljevo sports Sloboda Park

City Center Squares

Prešeren Square and the Franciscan Church in the background - the center of Ljubljana - Congress Square - Upper Square - Prešeren Square - Vodnikov Square - Old Square - City Square - Levstikov Square Novi trg - Pogacarjev trg - Hrvatski trg - Trg republike - Trg francuske revolucije - Riblji trg Mali trg